The Effect of Temperature and Water Stresses on Seed
Germination and Seedling Growth of Wheat

Abstract:

Temperature and moisture are essential factors in germination and seedling growth.

The
purpose of this research was to assess the germination and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
seeds under various abiotic stressors. It was conducted in the Agronomy Institute of the Hungarian
University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöll ̋o, Hungary. Six distinct temperature levels were
used: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 ◦C. Stresses of drought and waterlogging were quantified using 25 water
levels based on single-milliliter intervals and as a percentage based on thousand kernel weight (TKW).
Seedling density was also tested. Temperature significantly influenced germination duration and
seedling development. 20 ◦C was ideal with optimal range of 15 ◦C to less than 25 ◦C. Germination
occurred at water amount of 75% of the TKW, and its ideal range was lower and narrower than the
range for seedling development. Seed size provided an objective basis for defining germination
water requirements. The current study established an optimal water supply range for wheat seedling
growth of 525–825 percent of the TKW. Fifteen seeds within a 9 cm Petri dish may be preferred to
denser populations