oxidation with photocatalyst process: Recent advances, affecting factors
and future perspectives
Husham M. Al-Tameemi a, Khalid A. Sukkar b, Ali H. Abbar c,*
a Chemical Engineering Department, University of Al-Qadissiyah, Iraq
b Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
c Department of Biochemical Engineering, Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords:
Petroleum refinery wastewater
Anodic oxidation
AOPs
Hydroxyl radicals
Photocatalysis
Hybrid treatment process
A B S T R A C T
The progress in human activities, industrialization, and urbanization has led to the generation of enormous
quantities of polluted wastewaters, especially those produced by petroleum refineries. Generally, physicochemical
and biological treatment methods are employed to treat petroleum refinery wastewaters. However,
they suffer from low efficiency in removing pollutants due to the nature of these wastewaters. Among all
wastewater treatment methods, electrochemical oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, and their hybrid processes
are regarded as feasible and promising options for establishing an effective effluent treatment approach in such
cases. It was found that these methods depend on the generation of hydroxyl radicals, extremely reactive
oxidizing agents that effectively degrade pollutants present in the petroleum refinery wastewaters. This review
presents contemporary views on the state of the art for electrooxidation, photocatalytic degradation, and their
hybrid processes. The comparison of these methods with conventional treatment methods indicates that both
processes provided a high rate of treatment efficiency with lower energy consumption. Additionally, the
mechanisms and operating variables of both anodic oxidation and photocatalytic processes were explained and
evaluated. Furthermore, the use of the combined process for treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater was
also outlined, focusing on its beneficial characteristics. Based on the results of most previously conducted laboratory
studies, hybrid processes were found to be more effective in removing COD from petroleum refinery
wastewater compared to individual processes
Treatment_of_petroleum_refinery_wastewater_by_a_combination_of_anodic_compressed
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