Evaluation of a new bond-type anchorage system with expansive grout
for a single FRP rod
Yasir M. Saeed a,⇑, Salam M. Al-Obaidi b,c, Ehab G. Al-hasany d, Franz N. Rad e
a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, P. O. Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, United States
b Roads and Transportations Engineering Department, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq
c Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
d World Bank Financed Projects, Ministry of Education, Baghdad, Iraq
e Civil and Environmental Engineering, Arthur M. James Professor of Structural Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, OR,
United States
h i g h l i g h t s
Pullout tests were conducted on twelve CFRP bond-type anchors and eight specimens with built-in anchors.
The effects of bond length, rod-to-anchor diameter ratio, and curing time were investigated.
The anchor length must not be less than 32- and 30-times rod diameter for #3 (10 mm) and #4 (13 mm) CFRP rods.
Results obtained from numerical analysis are in good agreement with the experimental results.
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Received 2 February 2020
Received in revised form 14 June 2020
Accepted 17 June 2020
Available online 2 July 2020
Keywords:
Anchors
Bond-type anchorage
CFRP
Concrete
Expansive grout
Prestressed concrete
a b s t r a c t
Prestressed concrete applications require a high strength prestressing material that could apply and
maintain effective compressive force to concrete members. Although fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)
materials, especially carbon FRP (CFRP), have the desired strength, no efficient system for its anchorage
to concrete has been devised yet. This paper presents an experimental evaluation on a new bond-type
anchorage system using an expansive grout as a filling material to anchor CFRP rods. A total of twelve
specimens were fabricated and tested. Short-term and long-term pullout tests were performed. The
CFRP rods were 0.375 in. (10 mm) and 0.50 in. (13 mm) in diameter. The parameters investigated were
the bond length, rod diameter, and curing time of the expansive grout. The experimental results showed
that 12 in. (305 mm) and 15 in. (381 mm) were adequate bond lengths to effectively anchor the 0.375 in.
(10 mm) and 0.50 in. (13 mm) CFRP rods, respectively. The results also indicated that the anchor strength
and stiffness were directly proportional to the bond length, and cross-sectional area ratio of CFRP rods to
anchor borehole affected the stiffness and bonding capacity of the proposed anchor. Finally, a numerical
analysis was carried out to predict the tensile behavior of FRP anchors. The numerical results had good
agreement with the experimental results.
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